![]() ![]() Subsequently, GnRH stimulates gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary, which synthesize and secrete two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone. A small population of hypothalamic neurons releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the pituitary portal blood. Here is an overview of recent basic research that frames translational research.įertility relies on a cascade of events between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonads. ![]() Today the 50-year quest for the basic mechanism of GnRH pulse generation may be over, but questions about its physiological tuning remain. ![]() ![]() Over the last decade, this cell-to-cell communication has been dissected in animal models. A leap toward understanding GnRH pulses was the discovery of kisspeptin neurons near the distal processes of GnRH neurons, which secrete kisspeptins, potent excitatory neuropeptides on GnRH neurons, and equipped with dual, but opposite, self-modulatory neuropeptides, neurokinin B and dynorphin. However, the puzzle has been to reconcile the synchronicity of GnRH neurons with the scattered hypothalamic distribution of their cell bodies. Each GnRH pulse triggers a luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse. A characteristic of GnRH secretion is its pulsatility, which is driven by a pulse generator. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the final output of the central nervous system that drives fertility. ![]()
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